The state of audience research in European countries is not yet properly charted due to the fragmented and varied nature of the field. Obtaining an overview was both an objective of the Action in its own right, and a precondition of other achievements. For the first meeting of the Working Groups (WG) in Lisbon (November 11-13, 2010), the Steering Group (SG) of the Action invited the members to submit short national essays that review existing and emerging audience research in their respective countries. The reviews could be theoretical, topical, methodological, empirical or institutional.
